The Pillanmapu Geopark territory is shaped by intense and active volcanism, dominated by volcanic complexes such as the Descabezados Volcanic Group and the Laguna del Maule system — one of the most closely monitored volcanic regions in the world. Here you can observe calderas, domes, lava flows, basaltic columns, and pyroclastic deposits that record major eruptions occurring throughout the last hundreds of thousands of years. This volcanic history merges with glacial valleys, moraines, fluvioglacial terraces, and high-altitude lagoons sculpted by glaciers that advanced and retreated repeatedly during the Pleistocene. The result is a landscape where fire and ice have jointly carved a unique mountain range, allowing us to read the deep geological history of the Maule Andes through its forms.